-
Microbiology Spectrum Aug 2023Several studies have described the contribution of glutamate-transforming microbiota to the development of chronic ailments. For instance, the blood concentration of...
Several studies have described the contribution of glutamate-transforming microbiota to the development of chronic ailments. For instance, the blood concentration of glutamate is higher in some patients with fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue, and pain. Taking advantage of a naturally occurring strain of that is able to transform glutamate in γ-aminobutyric caid (GABA), B. adolescentis IPLA60004, we designed a placebo-controlled intervention to test if the presence of this GABA-producing bifidobacteria in mice was able to impact the concentration of glutamate in the blood in comparison with the administration of other strain of the same species lacking the genes of the glutamate decarboxylase () cluster. Animals were fed every day with 8 log CFU of bacteria in a sterilized milk vehicle for 14 days. Samples from feces and blood were collected during this period, and afterwards animals were sacrificed, tissues were taken from different organs, and the levels of different metabolites were analyzed by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The results showed that both bacterial strains orally administered survived in the fecal content, and animals fed B. adolescentis IPLA60004 showed a significant reduction of their glutamate serum concentration, while a nonsignificant decrease was observed for animals fed a reference strain, B. adolescentis LGM10502. The variations observed in GABA were influenced by the gender of the animals, and no significant changes were observed in different tissues of the brain. These results suggest that orally administered GABA-producing probiotics could reduce the glutamate concentration in blood, opening a case for a clinical trial study in chronic disease patients. This work presents the results of a trial using mice as a model that were fed with a bacterial strain of the species B. adolescentis, which possesses different active genes capable of degrading glutamate and converting it into GABA. Indeed, the bacterium is able to survive the passage through the gastric tract and, more importantly, the animals reduce over time the concentration of glutamate in their blood. The importance of this result lies in the fact that several chronic ailments, such as fibromyalgia, are characterized by an increase in glutamate. Our results indicate that an oral diet with this probiotic-type bacteria could reduce the concentration of glutamate and, therefore, reduce the symptoms associated with the excess of this neurotransmitter.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Bifidobacterium adolescentis; Glutamic Acid; Fibromyalgia; Bifidobacterium; Feces; Probiotics; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
PubMed: 37347184
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.05063-22 -
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Feb 2021Members of the human gut microbiota use glycoside hydrolase (GH) enzymes, such as β-galactosidases, to forage on host mucin glycans and dietary fibres. A human faecal...
Members of the human gut microbiota use glycoside hydrolase (GH) enzymes, such as β-galactosidases, to forage on host mucin glycans and dietary fibres. A human faecal metagenomic fosmid library was constructed and functionally screened to identify novel β-galactosidases. Out of the 16,000 clones screened, 30 β-galactosidase-positive clones were identified. The β-galactosidase gene found in the majority of the clones was BAD_1582 from Bifidobacterium adolescentis, subsequently named bgaC. This gene was cloned with a hexahistidine tag, expressed in Escherichia coli and His-tagged-BgaC was purified using Ni-NTA affinity chromatography and size filtration. The enzyme had optimal activity at pH 7.0 and 37 °C, with a wide range of pH (4-10) and temperature (0-40 °C) stability. It required a divalent metal ion co-factor; maximum activity was detected with Mg, while Cu and Mn were inhibitory. Kinetic parameters were determined using ortho-nitrophenyl-β-D-galactopyranoside (ONPG) and lactose substrates. BgaC had a V of 107 μmol/min/mg and a K of 2.5 mM for ONPG and a V of 22 μmol/min/mg and a K of 3.7 mM for lactose. It exhibited low product inhibition by galactose with a K of 116 mM and high tolerance for glucose (66% activity retained in presence of 700 mM glucose). In addition, BgaC possessed transglycosylation activity to produce galactooligosaccharides (GOS) from lactose, as determined by TLC and HPLC analysis. The enzymatic characteristics of B. adolescentis BgaC make it an ideal candidate for dairy industry applications and prebiotic manufacture.Key points• Bifidobacterium adolescentis BgaC β-galactosidase was selected from human faecal metagenome.• BgaC possesses sought-after properties for biotechnology, e.g. low product inhibition.• BgaC has transglycosylation activity producing prebiotic oligosaccharides. Graphical Abstract.
Topics: Bifidobacterium adolescentis; Galactose; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactose; Metagenome; Oligosaccharides; Temperature; beta-Galactosidase
PubMed: 33427933
DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-11084-y -
The American Journal of Clinical... Mar 2024Weight loss is the most effective treatment for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). There is evidence that the Mediterranean diets rich in unsaturated fatty acids... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Weight loss is the most effective treatment for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). There is evidence that the Mediterranean diets rich in unsaturated fatty acids and fiber have beneficial effects on weight homeostasis and metabolic risk factors in individuals with NAFLD. Studies have also shown that higher circulating concentrations of pentadecanoic acid (C15:0) are associated with a lower risk for NAFLD.
OBJECTIVES
To examine the effects of a Mediterranean-like, culturally contextualized Asian diet rich in fiber and unsaturated fatty acids, with or without C15:0 supplementation, in Chinese females with NAFLD.
METHODS
In a double-blinded, parallel-design, randomized controlled trial, 88 Chinese females with NAFLD were randomly assigned to 1 of the 3 groups for 12 wk: diet with C15:0 supplementation (n = 31), diet without C15:0 supplementation (n = 28), or control (habitual diet and no C15:0 supplementation, n = 29). At baseline and after the intervention, body fat percentage, intrahepatic lipid content, muscle and abdominal fat, liver enzymes, cardiometabolic risk factors, and gut microbiome were assessed.
RESULTS
In the intention-to-treat analysis, weight reductions of 4.0 ± 0.5 kg (5.3%), 3.4 ± 0.5 kg (4.5%), and 1.5 ± 0.5 kg (2.1%) were achieved in the diet-with-C15:0, diet without-C15:0, and the control groups, respectively. The proton density fat fraction (PDFF) of the liver decreased by 33%, 30%, and 10%, respectively. Both diet groups achieved significantly greater reductions in body weight, liver PDFF, total cholesterol, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and triglyceride concentrations compared with the control group. C15:0 supplementation reduced LDL-cholesterol further, and increased the abundance of Bifidobacterium adolescentis. Fat mass, visceral adipose tissue, subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (deep and superficial), insulin, glycated hemoglobin, and blood pressure decreased significantly in all groups, in parallel with weight loss.
CONCLUSION
Mild weight loss induced by a Mediterranean-like diet adapted for Asians has multiple beneficial health effects in females with NAFLD. C15:0 supplementation lowers LDL-cholesterol and may cause beneficial shifts in the gut microbiome.
TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
This trial was registered at the clinicaltrials.gov as NCT05259475.
Topics: Female; Humans; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Diet, Mediterranean; Liver; Weight Loss; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Cholesterol; Fatty Acids
PubMed: 38035997
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.11.013 -
Journal of Microbiology and... Aug 2020NK33 (NK33) and NK98 (NK98) alleviate immobilization stress-induced depression. To understand the gut microbiota-mediated mechanisms of NK33 and NK98 against...
NK33 (NK33) and NK98 (NK98) alleviate immobilization stress-induced depression. To understand the gut microbiota-mediated mechanisms of NK33 and NK98 against depression, we examined their effects on K1 (K1)-induced depression and gut dysbiosis in mice. NK33, NK98, and their mixtures (1:1, 4:1, and 9:1) mitigated K1-induced depression and colitis. NK33 and NK98 additively or synergistically increased BDNF/NeuN cell population and suppressed NF-κB action in the hippocampus. They alleviated gut dysbiosis by reducing the Proteobacteria population and increasing the Clostridia population. These results suggest that NK33 and NK98 may alleviate depression and colitis by ameliorating gut dysbiosis.
Topics: Animals; Bifidobacterium adolescentis; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Colitis; DNA-Binding Proteins; Depression; Disease Models, Animal; Dysbiosis; Escherichia coli; Feces; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Limosilactobacillus reuteri; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Nerve Tissue Proteins
PubMed: 32347078
DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2002.02058 -
BMC Pediatrics Jan 2017Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a serious gastrointestinal disorder that is often seen in premature infants. Probiotics decrease the risk of NEC; however, the...
BACKGROUND
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a serious gastrointestinal disorder that is often seen in premature infants. Probiotics decrease the risk of NEC; however, the mechanism by which probiotics work is not clear. The goal of this study was to evaluate the preventive effect of Bifidobacterium adolescentis in an NEC rat model.
METHODS
Sprague-Dawley neonatal rats were obtained by caesarean section after 20-21 d gestation and randomly divided into the following 3 groups: dam fed (DF), formula fed (FF), and formula + B. adolescentis (FB). Those in the FF and FB groups developed NEC after exposure to asphyxia and cold stress. All rats were sacrificed 72 h after birth and intestinal injury and mRNA expression of TLR4, TOLLIP and SIGIRR were assessed.
RESULTS
B. adolescentis significantly increased the 72-h survival rate from 56.3% in the FF group to 86.7% in the FB group. B. adolescentis significantly reduced the histological score from a median of 3.0 in the FF group to a median of 1.0 in the FB group,and significantly decreased the rate of NEC-like intestinal injury from 77.8% in the FF group to 23.1% in the FB group. The mRNA expression of TLR4 increased 3.6 fold in the FF group but decreased by 2 fold from B. adolescentis treatment. mRNA expression of TOLLIP and SIGIRR decreased 4.3 and 3.7 fold, respectively, in the FF group. B. adolescentis significantly increased mRNA expression of TOLLIP and SIGIRR by 3.7 fold and 2.6 fold, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrated B. adolescentis prevents NEC in preterm neonatal rats and that the mechanism for this action might be associated with the alteration of TLR4, TOLLIP, and SIGIRR expression.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Bifidobacterium adolescentis; Disease Models, Animal; Enterocolitis, Necrotizing; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Probiotics; RNA; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Receptors, Interleukin-1; Up-Regulation
PubMed: 28056921
DOI: 10.1186/s12887-016-0759-7 -
Nutrients Mar 2021The incidence of obesity, which is closely associated with the gut microbiota and chronic inflammation, has rapidly increased in the past 40 years. Therefore, the...
The incidence of obesity, which is closely associated with the gut microbiota and chronic inflammation, has rapidly increased in the past 40 years. Therefore, the probiotic-based modification of the intestinal microbiota composition has been developed as a strategy for the treatment of obesity. In this study, we selected four strains isolated from the feces of newborn and elderly humans to investigate whether supplementation with of various origins could alleviate obesity in mice. Male C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD, 60% energy as fat) received one of the following 14-week interventions: (i) N4_N3, (ii) Z25, (iii) 17_3, (iv) 2016_7_2, and (v) phosphate-buffered saline. The metabolic parameters, thermogenesis, and immunity of all treated mice were measured. Cecal and colonic microbial profiles were determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Intestinal concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The strains isolated from the feces of elderly humans ( Z25, 17_3, and 2016_7_2) decreased the body weight or weight gain of mice, whilst the strain isolated from the newborn ( N4_N3) increased the body weight of mice. The strains isolated from the elderly also increased serum leptin concentrations and induced the expression of thermogenesis- and lipid metabolism-related genes in brown adipose tissue. All the strains alleviated inflammations in the spleen and brain and modified the cecal and colonic microbiota. Particularly, all strains reversed the HFD-induced depletion of and reduced the development of beta-lactam resistance. In addition, the strains isolated from the elderly increased the relative abundances of potentially beneficial genera, such as , and . We speculate that such increased abundance of commensal bacteria may have mediated the alleviation of obesity, as supplementation decreased the intestinal production of SCFAs, thereby reducing energy delivery to the host mice. Our results revealed that certain strains of can alleviate obesity and modify the gut microbiota of mice. The tested strains of showed different effects on lipid metabolism and immunity regulation, with these effects related to whether they had been isolated from the feces of newborn or elderly humans. This indicates that from different sources may have disparate effects on host health possibly due to the transmission of origin-specific functions to the host.
Topics: Adipose Tissue, Brown; Animals; Bifidobacterium adolescentis; Colon; Cytokines; Diet, High-Fat; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Feces; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Immunity; Inflammation; Intestines; Lipid Metabolism; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Obesity; Probiotics; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Weight Gain
PubMed: 33801119
DOI: 10.3390/nu13031017 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2023Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder with an alarming incidence rate and a considerable burden on the patient's life and health care providers. An increase in... (Review)
Review
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder with an alarming incidence rate and a considerable burden on the patient's life and health care providers. An increase in blood glucose level and insulin resistance characterizes it. Internal and external factors such as urbanization, obesity, and genetic mutations could increase the risk of DM. Microbes in the gut influence overall health through immunity and nutrition. Recently, more studies have been conducted to evaluate and estimate the role of the gut microbiome in diabetes development, progression, and management. This review summarizes the current knowledge addressing three main bacterial species: , , and and their influence on diabetes and its underlying molecular mechanisms. Most studies illustrate that using those bacterial species positively reduces blood glucose levels and activates inflammatory markers. Additionally, we reported the relationship between those bacterial species and metformin, one of the commonly used antidiabetic drugs. Overall, more research is needed to understand the influence of the gut microbiome on the development of diabetes. Furthermore, more efforts are required to standardize the model used, concentration ranges, and interpretation tools to advance the field further.
Topics: Humans; Blood Glucose; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Diabetes Mellitus; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin
PubMed: 37175825
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098118 -
Biotechnology, Biotechnological... Jul 2014Bifidobacteria are considered one of the most beneficial probiotics and have been widely studied for their effects against specific pathogens. The present study... (Review)
Review
Bifidobacteria are considered one of the most beneficial probiotics and have been widely studied for their effects against specific pathogens. The present study investigated the antiviral activity of probiotics isolated from Koreans against Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3). The effect of probiotic isolates against CVB3 was measured by the plaque assay and cellular toxicity of bifidobacteria in HeLa cells was measured using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Among 13 probiotic isolates, 3 , 2 and 1 had an antiviral effect against CVB3, while the others did not show such effect. SPM1605 showed the greatest inhibitory properties against CVB3. When the threshold cycle (CT) values for the treated SPM1605 samples were compared to the results for the non-treated samples, it was shown that the amplified viral sequences from the CVB3 had their copy number lowered by SPM1605. Moreover, the gene expression in infected HeLa cells was also inhibited by 50%. The results suggest that SPM1605 suppresses CVB3 and could be used as an alternative therapy against infectious diseases caused by coxsackieviruses.
PubMed: 26019554
DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2014.945237 -
The Journal of Biological Chemistry Aug 2019Anaerobic bacteria inhabiting the human gastrointestinal tract have evolved various enzymes that modify host-derived steroids. The bacterial steroid-17,20-desmolase...
Anaerobic bacteria inhabiting the human gastrointestinal tract have evolved various enzymes that modify host-derived steroids. The bacterial steroid-17,20-desmolase pathway cleaves the cortisol side chain, forming pro-androgens predicted to impact host physiology. Bacterial 20β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (20β-HSDH) regulates cortisol side-chain cleavage by reducing the C-20 carboxyl group on cortisol, yielding 20β-dihydrocortisol. Recently, the gene encoding 20β-HSDH in ATCC 43058 was reported, and a nonredundant protein search yielded a candidate β- gene in strain L2-32. 20β-HSDH could regulate cortisol side-chain cleavage by limiting pro-androgen formation in bacteria such as and 21-dehydroxylation by Here, the putative 20β-HSDH was cloned, overexpressed, and purified. 20β-HSDH activity was confirmed through whole-cell and pure enzymatic assays, and it is specific for cortisol. Next, we solved the structures of recombinant 20β-HSDH in both the apo- and holo-forms at 2.0-2.2 Å resolutions, revealing close overlap except for rearrangements near the active site. Interestingly, the structures contain a large, flexible N-terminal region that was investigated by gel-filtration chromatography and CD spectroscopy. This extended N terminus is important for protein stability because deletions of varying lengths caused structural changes and reduced enzymatic activity. A nonconserved extended N terminus was also observed in several short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase family members. strains capable of 20β-HSDH activity could alter glucocorticoid metabolism in the gut and thereby serve as potential probiotics for the management of androgen-dependent diseases.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Bifidobacterium adolescentis; Crystallography, X-Ray; Hydrocortisone; Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases; Kinetics; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; NAD; Protein Binding; Protein Structure, Secondary; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Recombinant Proteins; Substrate Specificity
PubMed: 31209107
DOI: 10.1074/jbc.RA119.009390 -
Carbohydrate Polymers Sep 2023Bifidobacteria are among the most common bacteria used for their probiotic properties and their impact on the maturation and function of the immune system has been...
Bifidobacteria are among the most common bacteria used for their probiotic properties and their impact on the maturation and function of the immune system has been well-described. Recently, scientific interest is shifting from live bacteria to defined bacteria-derived biologically active molecules. Their greatest advantage over probiotics is the defined structure and the effect independent of the viability status of the bacteria. Here, we aim to characterize Bifidobacterium adolescentis CCDM 368 surface antigens that include polysaccharides (PSs), lipoteichoic acids (LTAs), and peptidoglycan (PG). Among them, Bad368.1 PS was observed to modulate OVA-induced cytokine production in cells isolated from OVA-sensitized mice by increasing the production of Th1-related IFN-γ and inhibition of Th2-related IL-5 and IL-13 cytokines (in vitro). Moreover, Bad368.1 PS (BAP1) is efficiently engulfed and transferred between epithelial and dendritic cells. Therefore, we propose that the Bad368.1 PS (BAP1) can be used for the modulation of allergic diseases in humans. Structural studies revealed that Bad368.1 PS has an average molecular mass of approximately 9,99 × 10 Da and it consists of glucose, galactose, and rhamnose residues that are creating the following repeating unit: →2)-β-D-Glcp-1→3-β-L-Rhap-1→4-β-D-Glcp-1→3-α-L-Rhap-1→4-β-D-Glcp-1→3-α-D-Galp-(1→.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Mice; Bifidobacterium adolescentis; Polysaccharides; Bifidobacterium; Peptidoglycan; Galactose; Tumor Suppressor Proteins; Ubiquitin Thiolesterase
PubMed: 37230638
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120980